The purpose of this study is to quantify the welfare and foreign exchange costs that arise in developing countries as a result of the protectionist policies pursued by developed countries with respect to many agricultural products. A detailed analysis is presented for four key commodities: sugar, beef, wheat, and maize. For each commodity, the potential gains to developing countries from a complete removal of tariff and nontariff barriers in developed countries are analyzed within the framework of a comparative-static world market equilibrium model. The study considers fifty-eight developing countries as well as seventeen developed countries.