Optimization of Construction Duration and Schedule Robustness Based on Hybrid GreyWolf Optimizer with Sine Cosine Algorithm

Construction duration and schedule robustness are of great importance to ensure ecient construction. However, the current literature has neglected the importance of schedule robustness. Relatively little attention has been paid to schedule robustness via deviation of an activity’s starting time, which does not consider schedule robustness via structural deviation caused by the logical relationships among activities. This leads to a possibility of deviation between the planned schedule and the actual situation.