Readers guide Executive summary Part I. The place-based dimension of productivity and inclusion Regional productiviy gaps and their consequences Regional development: Policies to promote catching up Part II. Special Focus: Rural Areas - Places of opportunity Understanding Rural economies Rural policy 3.0 Part III. Regions and cities implementing global agendas: A policy forum Investing in voice to implement global agendas A new urban agenda for the 21st century: The role of urbanisation in sustainable development Financing subnational and local governments: The Missing Link in Development Finance Cities and Regions - connected by water in mutual dependency United States Rural Policy: Increasing Opportunities and Improving the Quality of Life of Rural Communities Global dimensions of malnutrition: Territorial perspectives on food security and nutrition policies R20 Regions of Climate Action: Response to the Paris Climate Accord: Scaling up Green Projects from a Bottom-up Perspective Part IV. Country notes (online only)