The two-volume set LNCS 4131 and LNCS 4132 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, ICANN 2006. The set presents 208 revised full papers, carefully reviewed and selected from 475 submissions. This second volume contains 105 contributions related to neural networks, semantic web technologies and multimedia analysis, bridging the semantic gap in multimedia machine learning approaches, signal and time series processing, data analysis, and more.